1860 -1910

The Arts and Crafts movement emphasised traditional craftsmanship, the use of locally sourced materials, and integrity in design as a reaction against the industrialisation and poor quality of mass-produced items. Emerging in the late 19th century, it was championed by influential figures like John Ruskin and William Morris. Morris, in particular, advocated for a return to handcrafting and inspired many designers and architects, such as William De Morgan and Charles Voysey.

The movement’s principles spread internationally, influencing European and North American design. Arts and Crafts creators drew inspiration from medieval craftsmanship, emphasising the natural qualities of materials like oak and handwoven textiles. Design motifs often featured elements of nature, including birds and plants, and were occasionally influenced by Middle Eastern and Egyptian styles.

Interiors designed in the Arts and Crafts style were intentionally minimalist and functional, with every item serving a purpose. Furniture, floor coverings, textiles, and ceramics were designed to work in harmony. One notable figure, William De Morgan, initially worked with Morris & Co before founding his own studio. A master ceramicist, he specialised in handmade tiles with intricate motifs drawn from nature and fantasy. De Morgan also experimented with lustrous glazes and enamel techniques, heavily influenced by Persian ceramic traditions.

This movement remains a celebrated chapter in design history, renowned for its commitment to beauty, functionality, and craftsmanship.